[root@howto ~]# set | grep COLORS COLORS=/etc/DIR_COLORS.xterm LS_COLORS='no=00:fi=00:di=00;34:ln=00;36:pi=40;33:so=00;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01: or=01;05;37;41:mi=01;05;37;41:ex=00;32:*.cmd=00;32:*.exe=00;32:*.com=00;32:*.btm=00;32: *.bat=00;32:*.sh=00;32:*.csh=00;32:*.tar=00;31:*.tgz=00;31:*.arj=00;31:*.taz=00;31: *.lzh=00;31:*.zip=00;31:*.z=00;31:*.Z=00;31:*.gz=00;31:*.bz2=00;31:*.bz=00;31:*.tz=00;31: *.rpm=00;31:*.cpio=00;31:*.jpg=00;35:*.gif=00;35:*.bmp=00;35:*.xbm=00;35:*.xpm=00;35: *.png=00;35:*.tif=00;35:' |
# MY SOURCE: http://linux-sxs.org/housekeeping/lscolors.html # # 0 = default color # 1 = bold # 4 = underlined # 5 = flashing text # 7 = reverse field # 31 = red # 32 = green # 33 = orange # 34 = blue # 35 = purple # 36 = cyan # 37 = grey # 40 = black background # 41 = red background # 42 = green background # 43 = orange background # 44 = blue background # 45 = purple background # 46 = cyan background # 47 = grey background # 90 = dark grey # 91 = light red # 92 = light green # 93 = yellow # 94 = light blue # 95 = light purple # 96 = turquoise # 100 = dark grey background # 101 = light red background # 102 = light green background # 103 = yellow background # 104 = light blue background # 105 = light purple background # 106 = turquoise background # # di = directory # fi = file # ln = symbolic link # pi = fifo file # so = socket file # bd = block (buffered) special file # cd = character (unbuffered) special file # or = symbolic link pointing to a non-existent file (orphan) # mi = non-existent file pointed to by a symbolic link (visible when you type ls -l) # ex = file which is executable (ie. has 'x' set in permissions). # LS_COLORS='di=00;94:' export LS_COLORS |
[root@howto ~]# source ~/.bashrc [root@howto ~]# ls -l total 1676 -rw------- 1 root root 978 Jan 27 2007 anaconda-ks.cfg drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Sep 10 11:20 boxbackup-0.10 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 842450 Feb 23 2006 boxbackup-0.10.tgz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 53 Feb 9 2007 hexfile -rwx------ 1 root root 314 Apr 5 21:59 hexfile.sh drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 25 17:13 hovmon -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18648 Jun 23 21:16 install.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3165 Jun 23 21:14 install.log.syslog -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 181 Sep 8 01:54 iptables.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 453802 Oct 10 2004 librsync-0.9.7.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 152215 Nov 12 2006 rdiff-backup-1.0.5.tar.gz drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Sep 10 23:48 rdiff-backup-1.1.14 -rw------- 1 root root 179222 Aug 13 18:50 rdiff-backup-1.1.14.tar.gz drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Sep 12 10:14 scripts |
# Installér keychain (nem frontend til ssh-agent) # (find RPM pakken her, http://rpm.pbone.net/index.php3?stat=3&limit=1&srodzaj=1&dl=40&search=keychain) [root@howto ~]# rpm -ivh ftp://ftp.univie.ac.at/ [CUT] /keychain-2.5.1-1.2.el5.rf.noarch.rpm Retrieving ftp://ftp.univie.ac.at/ [CUT] /keychain-2.5.1-1.2.el5.rf.noarch.rpm warning: /var/tmp/rpm-xfer.329w8X: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 6b8d79e6 Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:keychain ########################################### [100%] # Opret en ny SSH nøgle (jeg anbefaler at indtaste samme password som brugeren der er logget ind = root i mit tilfælde - det er meget mere sikkert!) [root@howto ~]# ssh-keygen -t dsa Generating public/private dsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_dsa): ~/.ssh/id_sec Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): <INDTAST PASSWORD> Enter same passphrase again: <INDTAST PASSWORD IGEN> Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_sec. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_sec.pub. The key fingerprint is: 12:ac:c1:17:0e:e2:d1:9f:78:3b:9f:e5:23:b7:a4:1a root@howto # Tilføj den nye nøgle til den anden server [root@howto ~]# cat ~/.ssh/id_sec.pub | ssh sec "cat - >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys" |
# Start keychain [root@howto ~]# keychain ~/.ssh/id_sec KeyChain 2.5.1; http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/keychain/ Copyright 2002-2004 Gentoo Foundation; Distributed under the GPL * Initializing /root/.keychain/pri.howto.dk-sh file... * Initializing /root/.keychain/pri.howto.dk-csh file... * Starting ssh-agent * Adding 1 ssh key(s)... Enter passphrase for /root/.ssh/id_sec: <INDTAST PASSWORD> Identity added: /root/.ssh/id_sec (/root/.ssh/id_sec) # Source keychain filen (initialiser variabler) [root@howto ~]# source ~/.keychain/`hostname`-sh # Test at du kan logge ind til den anden server - uden password [root@howto ~]# ssh sec Last login: Thu Oct 11 21:31:53 2007 from pri.howto.dk [root@sec ~]# |
# Source the SSH agent if [ "`pidof ssh-agent`" != "" ] then source ~/.keychain/`hostname`-sh > /dev/null fi |
#!/bin/bash source ~/.keychain/`hostname`-sh diskstat=`ssh sec df -hl` echo $diskstat |
[root@howto ~]# cat rsync2secondary.sh #!/bin/bash # # Requirements: # * passwordless SSH between primary and secondary server # --- # Stuff I need to change (servers and directories) srcsrv=`hostname` srcdir="/etc /home /root" dstsrv=sec.howto.dk dstdir=/rsync # (do not put a trailing slash at the end) # Check if the PID is running PID_FILE=/var/run/`basename $0`.pid if [ -f "$PID_FILE" ] then MYPID=`head -n 1 "$PID_FILE"` TEST_RUNNING=`ps -p ${MYPID} | grep ${MYPID}` if [ -z "${TEST_RUNNING}" ] then echo "PID file exists but PID [$MYPID] is not running... creating new PID file [$PID_FILE]" echo $$ > "$PID_FILE" else echo "`basename $0` is already running [${MYPID}]... quitting" exit -1 fi else echo "`basename $0` not running... creating new PID file [$PID_FILE]" echo $$ > "$PID_FILE" fi # Source the keychain system source ~/.keychain/`hostname`-sh # Create necessary directories if not already created ssh $dstsrv mkdir -pv $dstdir/$srcsrv ssh $dstsrv chmod -v 700 $dstdir/$srcsrv # Delete any snapshots, on the destination server, older than 30 days ssh $dstsrv "find $dstdir/$srcsrv/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -ctime +30 -name \* -print | xargs rm -Rvf" # Delete all incompleted transfers (if any) ssh $dstsrv rm -Rvf $dstdir/$srcsrv/*.INCOMPLETE # SSH to destination server and get the name of the newest synched directory last=`ssh $dstsrv "find $dstdir/$srcsrv/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -name '*' -printf '%f\n' | sort -n | tail -n 1"` # Set the new sync directory, YYYYMMDD-HHMM-DAYNAME this=`date +"%Y%m%d-%H%M-%A"` # Do the magic stuff and sync the local folders, /etc /home and /root, to the destination server # (if it for some reason hangs in the files, e.g. NFS or internet dies or alike, it times # out with an error after 60 seconds) rsync -e ssh --link-dest=$dstdir/$srcsrv/$last -avzP --timeout=60 $srcdir $dstsrv:$dstdir/$srcsrv/$this.INCOMPLETE # If rsync completes with no errors, mark this new folder as completed if [ $? -eq 0 ] then ssh $dstsrv mv -v $dstdir/$srcsrv/$this.INCOMPLETE $dstdir/$srcsrv/$this fi # Remove PID file if [ -f "$PID_FILE" ] then rm -vf "${PID_FILE}" fi |
[root@howto ~]# ls -l /rsync/pri.howto.dk/ total 40 drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Sep 11 21:25 20070911-2124-Wednesday drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Sep 11 22:12 20070911-2211-Wednesday drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Sep 11 22:20 20070911-2219-Wednesday drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Sep 11 22:38 20070911-2237-Wednesday drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Sep 12 10:22 20070912-1021-Wednesday drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Sep 13 04:03 20070913-0403-Thursday drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Sep 14 04:04 20070914-0403-Friday drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Sep 15 04:03 20070915-0402-Saturday drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Sep 16 04:03 20070916-0402-Sunday [root@howto ~]# [root@howto ~]# du -sh /rsync/pri.howto.dk/20070916-0402-Sunday/ 11G /rsync/pri.howto.dk/20070916-0402-Sunday/ [root@howto ~]# [root@howto ~]# du -sh /rsync/pri.howto.dk/20070915-0402-Saturday/ 11G /rsync/pri.howto.dk/20070915-0402-Saturday/ [root@howto ~]# [root@howto ~]# du -sh /rsync/pri.howto.dk/ 12G /rsync/pri.howto.dk/ |
[root@howto ~]# # Formatér harddisken med random data - det vil gøre det umuligt [root@howto ~]# # at skelne rigtige data fra ingen data. Bemærk at en urandom [root@howto ~]# # formattering tager LANG tid (cirka 48 timer for 300GB)! [root@howto ~]# dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/sda [root@howto ~]# [root@howto ~]# # Kontroller at disse moduler er loadet: [root@howto ~]# lsmod | grep "aes\|dm_crypt\|dm_mod" dm_crypt 16201 0 aes 31617 0 dm_mod 58201 10 dm_crypt,dm_multipath,dm_snapshot,dm_zero,dm_mirror [root@howto ~]# [root@howto ~]# # Opret en krypteret partition [root@howto ~]# cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/sda [root@howto ~]# [root@howto ~]# # Map/aktivér den krypterede partition (_1_) [root@howto ~]# cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda maxtor300 [root@howto ~]# [root@howto ~]# # Formatér den krypterede partition til normal EXT3 [root@howto ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/mapper/maxtor300 [root@howto ~]# [root@howto ~]# # Opret et mountpoint til den nye partition [root@howto ~]# mkdir /maxtor300 [root@howto ~]# [root@howto ~]# # Mount den nye partition (_2_) [root@howto ~]# mount /dev/mapper/maxtor300 /maxtor300 |
[root@howto ~]# # Map/aktivér den krypterede partition (_1_) [root@howto ~]# cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda maxtor300 [root@howto ~]# [root@howto ~]# # Mount den nye partition (_2_) [root@howto ~]# mount /dev/mapper/maxtor300 /maxtor300 |
# Vis hvordan det kørende system ser ud inden oprettelsen [root@localhost ~]# df -hl Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sdb3 447G 7.5G 417G 2% / /dev/sdb1 3.9G 48M 3.7G 2% /boot none 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm # Vis partitions oplysningerne på den nye disk (der er ingen på denne) [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdc Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table # Initialisér disken til brug for LVM (brug --force hvis der har været andre LVM's på disken) [root@localhost ~]# pvcreate [--force --force] /dev/sdc Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created # Opret ny Volume Group (vg0) - hvis man har flere diske, kan de angives efterfølgende [root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vg0 /dev/sdc [/dev/sdd] Volume group "vg0" successfully created # Vis hvor meget plads der er tilgængelig i den nye Volume Group [root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay vg0 | grep Free Free PE / Size 238468 / 931.52 GB # Opret ny Logical Volume (lv0) i vg0 Volume Group [root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -l 238468 -n lv0 vg0 Logical volume "lv0" created # Formater den nye partition [root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/mapper/vg0-lv0 # Mount og indsæt i /etc/fstab [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/mapper/vg0-lv0 /mydir # Vis hvordan det kørende system ser ud efter oprettelsen [root@localhost ~]# df -hl Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sdb3 447G 7.5G 417G 2% / /dev/sdb1 3.9G 48M 3.7G 2% /boot /dev/mapper/vg0-lv0 917G 104M 871G 1% /mydir none 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm |
# Vis hvordan det kørende system ser ud inden udvidelsen (size=5GB) [root@localhost ~]# df -hl Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 4.9G 2.4G 2.3G 52% / # Vis partitions oplysningerne på den nye disk (der er ingen på denne) [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table # Gå i FDISK og opret en ny partition (på den nye disk) med typen 8e (Linux LVM) [root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-522, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-522, default 522): Using default value 522 Command (m for help): l 0 Empty 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot 1 FAT12 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris 2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx 6 FAT16 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data 7 HPFS/NTFS 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / . 8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility 9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee EFI GPT 10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/ 11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b 12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor 14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor 16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary 17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fd Linux raid auto 18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fe LANstep 1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid ff BBT 1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX Command (m for help): t Selected partition 1 Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM) Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. # Initialisér disken til brug for LVM [root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created # Udvid volume group, VolGroup00, med den nye disk [root@localhost ~]# vgextend VolGroup00 /dev/sdb Volume group "VolGroup00" successfully extended # Vis hvor meget volumen kan udvides med (skulle gerne cirka passe med størrelsen på den nye disk) [root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay VolGroup00 | grep "Free PE" Free PE / Size 127 / 3.97 GB # Udvid disken, LogVol00, med det hele fra "Free PE" [root@localhost ~]# lvextend -l +127 /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 Extending logical volume LogVol00 to 9.00 GB Logical volume LogVol00 successfully resized # Aktivér ændringerne og udfør udvidelsen her-og-nu # (på RHEL4 skal "resize2fs" erstattes af "ext2online") [root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 resize2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006) Filesystem at /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required Performing an on-line resize of /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 to 2359296 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 is now 2359296 blocks long. # Vis hvordan disken ser ud efter udvidelsen (size=9GB) [root@localhost ~]# df -hl Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 8.8G 2.4G 5.9G 29% / |
# 1. Opret et nyt, virtuelt, netkort ved at oprette en ny fil: [root@localhost ~]# joe /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0 DEVICE=bond0 BOOTPROTO=none ONBOOT=yes IPADDR=321.123.3.3 GATEWAY=321.123.3.1 NETWORK=321.123.3.0 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 USERCTL=no IPV6INIT=no # 2. Tilret eth0: [root@localhost ~]# joe /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 # Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM5708 Gigabit Ethernet DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=none ONBOOT=yes MASTER=bond0 SLAVE=yes USERCTL=no HWADDR=00:1A:64:98:91:aa # 3. Tilret eth1: [root@localhost ~]# joe /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1 # Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM5708 Gigabit Ethernet DEVICE=eth1 BOOTPROTO=none ONBOOT=yes MASTER=bond0 SLAVE=yes USERCTL=no HWADDR=00:1A:64:98:78:fb # 4. Tlføj følgende linier til modprobe..conf: [root@localhost ~]# joe /etc/modprobe.conf alias bond0 bonding options bonding miimon=100 mode=6 # 5. Reboot og test med iperf (kræver mindst to servere). # 5a. Fra den nye bonded server: [root@localhost ~]# iperf -s # 5b. Fra to andre ikke-bonded servere: [root@localhost ~]# iperf -t 120 -i 10 -f m -c 321.123.3.3 [root@localhost ~]# iperf -t 120 -i 10 -f m -c 321.123.3.3 |
# Tilføj "ip_nat_ftp ip_conntrack_ftp" til "IPTABLES_MODULES" linien i /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config: [root@localhost ~]# joe /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config IPTABLES_MODULES="ip_conntrack_netbios_ns ip_nat_ftp ip_conntrack_ftp" [root@localhost ~]# service iptables restart Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ] Unloading iptables modules: [ OK ] Applying iptables firewall rules: [ OK ] Loading additional iptables modules: ip_conntrack_netbios_n[ OK ]_ftp ip_conntrack_ftp |
# Disable følgende (for mig) ubrugelige services (copy/paste): [root@localhost ~]# service apmd stop service arptables_jf stop service avahi-daemon stop service avahi-dnsconfd stop service bluetooth stop service canna stop service cups stop service gpm stop service hidd stop service iiim stop service ip6tables stop service mcstrans stop service mdmonitor stop service pcscd stop service restorecond stop service setroubleshoot stop service xfs stop chkconfig apmd off chkconfig arptables_jf off chkconfig avahi-daemon off chkconfig avahi-dnsconfd off chkconfig bluetooth off chkconfig canna off chkconfig cups off chkconfig gpm off chkconfig hidd off chkconfig iiim off chkconfig ip6tables off chkconfig mcstrans off chkconfig mdmonitor off chkconfig pcscd off chkconfig restorecond off chkconfig setroubleshoot off chkconfig xfs off # Enable følgende (for mig) nødvendige services (copy/paste): [root@localhost ~]# service ntpd start chkconfig --level 35 ntpd on service ipmi start chkconfig --level 35 ipmi on # Tilret følgende: [root@localhost ~]# joe /etc/modprobe.conf alias net-pf-10 off [root@localhost ~]# joe /etc/sysconfig/network NETWORKING_IPV6=no |
# Skrive-test, 1x100GB, IBM x3650 (ServeRAID), RAID-0, SCSI diske (to tests og taget gennemsnit): [root@localhost ~]# time dd if=/dev/zero of=storfil.bin bs=1048576000 count=100 real 5m34.456s (306,59MB/sek.) # Skrive-test, 1x100GB, IBM x3650 (ServeRAID), RAID-10, SCSI diske (to tests og taget gennemsnit): [root@localhost ~]# time dd if=/dev/zero of=storfil.bin bs=1048576000 count=100 real 12m02.116s (141,83MB/sek.) # Skrive-test, 1x100GB, IBM x3650 (ServeRAID), RAID-5, SCSI diske (to tests og taget gennemsnit): [root@localhost ~]# time dd if=/dev/zero of=storfil.bin bs=1048576000 count=100 real 12m26.307s (137,27MB/sek.) # Skrive-test, 1x100GB, IBM x3550 (MegaRAID), RAID-5, SATA diske (to tests og taget gennemsnit): [root@localhost ~]# time dd if=/dev/zero of=storfil.bin bs=1048576000 count=100 real 55m47.072s (30,59MB/sek.) # Læse-test, 1x100GB, IBM x3650 (ServeRAID), RAID-0, SCSI diske (to tests og taget gennemsnit): [root@localhost ~]# time dd if=storfil.bin of=/dev/zero real 11m5.265s (153,98MB/sek.) # Læse-test, 1x100GB, IBM x3650 (ServeRAID), RAID-10, SCSI diske (to tests og taget gennemsnit): [root@localhost ~]# time dd if=storfil.bin of=/dev/zero real 11m23.781s (149,93MB/sek.) # Læse-test, 1x100GB, IBM x3650 (ServeRAID), RAID-5, SCSI diske (to tests og taget gennemsnit): [root@localhost ~]# time dd if=storfil.bin of=/dev/zero real 11m11.127s (152,61MB/sek.) # Læse-test, 1x100GB, IBM x3550 (MegaRAID), RAID-5, SATA diske (to tests og taget gennemsnit): [root@localhost ~]# time dd if=storfil.bin of=/dev/zero real 12m48.397s (133,51MB/sek.) |
# Edit /boot/grub/grub.conf: [root@localhost ~]# joe /boot/grub/grub.conf # "default" ændres til den kernel man gerne vil loade. # F.eks. 0 = den første/nyeste og 2 = den sidste/ældste i nedenstående eksempel. # "timeout" er hvor mange sekunder splashscreen skal vises før den vælger default. default=0 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (2.6.18-92.1.1.el5) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-92.1.1.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-92.1.1.el5.img title Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (2.6.18-92.el5) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-92.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img title Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (2.6.18-53.1.19.el5) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-53.1.19.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-53.1.19.el5.img # .. eller: default=2 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (2.6.18-92.1.1.el5) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-92.1.1.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-92.1.1.el5.img title Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (2.6.18-92.el5) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-92.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img title Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (2.6.18-53.1.19.el5) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-53.1.19.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-53.1.19.el5.img |
SED | |
sed "s/search/replace/" file | Søg og erstat |
sed "s|/bin/bash|/bin/nologin|" /etc/passwd | Brug anden seperator hvis søgning indeholde slash |
sed "3,5s/10.0.0./20.0.0./" file | Søg og erstat fra linie 3 til 5 |
sed "3,\$s/10.0.0./20.0.0./" file | Søg og erstart fra og med linie 3 og resten af filen |
AWK | |
awk '{ print strftime("%Y-%M-%d %H:%m:%S",systime()) }' | Print dato fra AWK |
awk -F\\t '{print $1,$3}' file | sort -t . -k1,1n -k2,2n -k3,3n -k4,4n | Sortere på IP adresse og tag kolonne 1 og 3 (adskilt af tabulator) |
sort +5 +2 txtfile | awk '{print "ip(" ++i ") = \"" $1"\"" " '\'' " $3 " " $5 " " $6}' | Sortere på kolonne 2 og 5 IP adresse |
Misc | |
chmod -R a+rX main_dir | Sætter execute rettigheder rekursivt på Everyone, hvis den allerede ér sat i forvejen på enten User eller Group |
screen /dev/ttyS0 9600 | Tilgå COM1 med 9600 baud (kill med CTRL+a og SHIFT+k i screen ) |